Watering your tomato plants properly is important to their overall health and the quality of the fruits being produced, so if you were to pick a garden vegetable to be a bit careful with when watering, it’s tomatoes.
Water is life! It is the key ingredient used to carry out the chemical processes needed both in animal and plant cells. In nature and in the garden, it allows beneficial bacteria to stay alive and to keep your soil alive, helping to break down organic matter into nutrients which are then carried in solution to feed your plant(s). As such, underwatering your tomato plants can have drastic consequences to their health, leading to unfavorable vegetative growth, poor fruit growth & development, blossom end-rot, and even the plant’s complete demise. On the flip-side, overwatering your tomato plants also has its poor consequences; we’re talking about root rot from anaerobic soil, watered-down tasteless tomatoes, fruit splitting then rotting (especially after periods of underwatering), and the washing out of the nutrients from the soil, which can also lead to blossom end-rot and other issues.
Despite all of these things that COULD go wrong when watering your tomatoes, especially when growing outside with no control over rainfall, all we really need to do is not overwater and underwater, right? Easy peasy lemon squeezy…well, sometimes. When watering your containers, you can generally let the top of the soil dry up down to an inch, though you have to keep in mind how old your plant is and how deep its roots go; you can do “The Finger Test” to find out if you need to water or not. Just stick your finger about an inch into the soil and if you feel moisture, then don’t water. If moisture is lacking, you want to make sure that you water evenly and all the way. For containers, water until it drips out of the bottom so you know that the roots below will get access to it; if you’re using aerated fabric pots, doing this is important! Do remember that watering your tomatoes immediate to their harvest can result in a diluted flavor; I generally don’t water or fertilize at least 3 days prior to harvesting tomatoes, if the conditions allow.
For keeping up with the fertility of the soil during the grow and to keep it microbially alive, I like to give it a regular feeding of organic live liquid fertilizer (around the 5-5-5 NPK) as soon as I see the first true leaves on my plant and then continuing that every 1-2 weeks; I keep the concentrations relatively low for this regular feeding, especially if I choose to do it more often than a span of 2 weeks. It is good to keep in mind not to give anything too strong to a young plant, or it could suffer for it, and even then, a little goes a long way even when you are dealing with an adult plant. It is better to provide a slow and steady amount of fertility over time than to give it way more than it needs in one go. Aside from the regular feeding, because I like to keep that moderately light, I do go in every 3-4 weeks and decide if to re-amend the soil; if I choose to do so, I generally just give it an organic granular slow release fertilizer (around the 5-5-5 NPK) that includes beneficial bacteria, and if I have some, it might also receive some worm castings, all mixed with a handful of the same potting mix or coco coir if I want to. This is what I chose to do for this grow in general, giving it its first reamending upon seeing fruit formation to help it along, then just a liquid fertilizer post first harvest, as it did not need anything more to continue growing; I had amended the soil well prior to starting, and I wasn’t looking to overfertilize.
Having a regular feeding routine is generally a good idea, but I do want to advise to always step back from it for a second before throwing down any fertilizer; use the time to analyze if your plant really needs it, what it actually needs, and how much of what to give it. Slowly, you develop a sense of how much your soil is getting depleted for how often you fertilize, and this will give you insight into your own personal routine. This will be different based on your area due to weather and whatnot, so remember that gardening takes time and effort and it’s about making it work for you!
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